Modern "Commercial Law"
Is based on Ancient Babylonian Codes

The Pharisees Combined with the Romans to have Christ-Jesus Nailed to the Cross (or stake).  Who-ever actually did the blood-letting, the Pharisees were behind this Lawless Murder. 
These same Pharisees base their entire belief system upon a body of Laws which is Not from the Jewish/Israelite Laws based upon the Godly teachings of Moses, but rather they look to a body of so-called Laws which derive from Babylon, & upon Master/Slave relationships. 
The fact that the religion of the Pharisees has never been recorded as having become extinct indicates that they & their Christ-Killing attitude continues to exist to this day. The modern decedents of the Pharisees admit quietly in their own literature that they are decedents from those same ones who Law-Lessly Murdered Jesus Christ. In their own book entitled “The Jewish Encyclopedia”, & “prepared by more than Four Hundred Scholars & Specialists”, & published by the “Funk & Wagnalls Company”, in 1905, Page 665; we read as follows: 
“With the destruction of the Temple, the Sadducees disappeared all together, leaving the regulation of all Jewish affairs in the hands of the Pharisees. 
Henceforth, Jewish life was regulated by the teachings of the Pharisees, the whole history of Judaism was re-constructed from the Pharisaic point of view, & a new aspect was given to the Sanhedrin of the past. A new chain of tradition supplanted the older, priestly tradition (Abot i. 1). 
Pharisaism shaped the character of Judaism & the life & thought of the Jew for all the future.”  

Here we see clearly that the Pharisees are still alive & well writing textbooks for Funk & Wagnals in 1905, & for dissemination among “those who say they are Jews”, as mentioned in Revelation 2:9 & 3:9.  
The ancient counterparts of these modern Pharisees had schools in Babylon from a very early pre-Christian date. We may read concerning these matters from a scholarly work entitled “The Babylonian Talmud”, by Sedner Nezikin, London; The Soncino Press, 1935. In the Forward to this book is an introductory few pages by (The Very Rev. The Chief Rabbi) J.H. Hertz. Herein he speaks on pages 13, 14, 15 to say:
“The beginnings of Talmudic literature date back to the time of the Babylonian Exile in the sixth pre-Christian century ... . When a thousand years later, the Babylonian Talmud assumed final codified form in the year 500 of the Christian era, the Western Roman Empire had ceased to be. ...
When we come to the Babylonian Gerama, we are dealing with what most people understand when they speak or write of the Talmud. It’s birthplace, Babylonia, was a autonomous Jewish center for a longer period than any other land, namely , soon after 586 before the Christian era to the year 1040 after the Christian era – 1626 years ... ” 
For a long time it was held that the language in which the Babylonian Talmud was written defied grammatical formulation. This is now seen to be nothing but prejudice. ...   
“The style of the Babylonian Talmud is one of most pregnant brevity and succinctness. It is at no time “easy reading”. Elliptical expression is a constantly reoccurring feature, and whole sentences are often indicated by as ingle word. In discussions, question and answer are closely interwoven, and thee is an entire absence of demarcation between them. Hard thinking and closest attention are required under the personal guidance of an experienced scholar, or of an elaborate written exposition of the argument, for the discussion to be followed or to be understood. And that understanding cannot be gained by the aid of Grammar or Lexicon alone. Even a student who has fair knowledge of Hebrew and Aramaic, but who has not been initiated into the Talmud by Traditional Jewish guides, will find it impossible to decipher a page!” 

Here we have plain admissions from this J.H. Hertz (Chief Rabbi) wherein he reveals that the source of the material which is Codified within their "Talmud" is from “Babylon”. Other sources affirm this also. This “Babylonian Talmud” is that root-source-repository of so-called “Law” from which the modern Talmud draws its historical roots. J.H. Hertz (Chief Rabbi) & others of the same belief are all quite comfortable referring to it amongst themselves as the "Babylonian Talmud".
But as the ancient city of Babylon is clearly related to terms such as “Babble” aka: “Confusion”, & as ancient Biblical texts indicate plainly that this is the source for all of the language confusion & much other problems which has spread throughout the entire world, it is understandable that these ones do seek to downplay the fact that “Babylon” is the spiritual source/center for their body of Spiritual Codifications. We herein merely seek clear labels of what is going on with regard to this body of codifications which seemingly so significantly affect our modern sociological structures. We have a Right to ask these questions. Everyone is affected by these concerns.  And it appears clear to us that many who modernly claim to be “Jews” are following this set of Spiritual Codifications which have originated in ancient Babylon, and which thereunder are properly known & referable to as the “Babylonian Talmud”.
We find similarly enlightening source material in a profoundly insightful work from a gentleman named Guy Carlton, Lee; of Johns Hopkins University in his work: "Historical Jurisprudence", 1922; Pages 12, 17, 18, 38-40, 188-189: 
The law of Babylonia has had an immense effect upon that of nearly all the countries of Europe ... The literature of Babylon has perished; but the element of culture which has endured was greater than the literature. That element is law, an organized intelligible system of rights & duties enforced by the State. ... The great work of the nation was the production of a system of law, necessary to the extended commercial activity of the city ... The complex Babylonian civilization, which produced a commercial law in advance of any other ancient system ... was ... the product of ... its relations to the other countries of the world.  
The exercise of judicial functions, at least in matters of commercial law, seems to have been in the hands of the hierarchy. The reasons for this may have been in part those which, in the mediaeval period of European history, threw the control of legal procedure largely into the hands of the ecclesiastics. In Babylon, the custom of documentary evidence in almost all transactions ... & the wide extent to which written contracts were employed, made the notarial & judicial functions of the priests very extensive. But the part taken in business transactions by the priesthood was appropriate for another reason, which perhaps had more influence in the time of the early law, before the purely commercial side had been developed. This was the part which was connected with contractual oaths, which at first were numerous. The contracting parties were obliged in their contracts to swear by the principal god of the country, & by the reigning prince, that they would abide by the conditions of the contract ...” 
The Babylonian Law developed to the fullest extent the idea of a Contract. Almost any possible business transaction was reduced to the form of a contract & was executed with the same formalities – i.e., with witnesses, notary, & signature. Thus the points as to deeds, sales, mortgages, loans, & banking are in no respect different in form from the matter of hiring, rent & leases, partnership, testaments, & domestic relations, including adoption. Transactions so very different could be reduced to the same principle, or brought under the one head, only by a highly abstract conception of contract itself. From forms of contract ... we pass to the relations of master and servant, leases, & future delivery of goods. 
Sub-scetion A. Master & Servant. ... a man might well make a contract with another whom he hired for a year, or whom he contracted to serve for a year. ... example ... In connection with this contract, it should be noted that Ubarru was regarded as a free agent, hiring himself out. But since he enters into a relation to his master in which he is temporarily in the condition of a slave, he has a representative, or guardian ...  
... In the case of a slave the name of the slave’s father is never given. The slave is not regarded or spoken of as a man, but as a thing, and is reckoned in the same way as cattle. The actual point of this contract is the transfer of the right to a man’s services. Such a transaction is but a part of the whole Babylonian system, whereby every credit or right was passed from one to another by means of contracts. ... 
The law was very strict as to the beginning & termination of these contracts. ... If the servant did not appear, he could be arrested & brought to his master, as he was his master’s man. ...
This species of ... slavery was of great importance & very customary in Old Babylon.
Babylon(s) ... commercial customs ... became ... the commercial law of the whole known world. Of ... these Rome was ... possessed from the earliest period ... "

Here-under, we see a number of significant items for our study.  But at this point it seems best to re-visit Chapters 17 &18 of the Book of Revelation in the Bible.  Herein is Revealed that a particular Body of people are recognizable as a "Great Prostitute" who "Rules over the Kings of the Earth" through the use of "Deception", "Magic", & "Merchants". This "Great Prostitute" who uses Deceptive Magic is clearly labeled therein as "BABYLON".
The above work from Johns Hopkins University by Mr Lee clearly recognizes that Babylon's Religious Priesthood is commonly recognizable as the source of all of the modern so called "Laws of Commerce".  These "Laws of Commerce" are shown to be a specific body of Codes which authorize the Administration of the Compelling Force of the State in the En-Force-ment of Contracts, mostly for Payments of Debts. The ancient Babylonian Priests were involved because Contracts were deemed to be a form of "Oath" entered into by the contracting parties; & the approval of their Gods were invoked so as to more effectively legitimize/bamboozle the entire process in the minds & the consciences of the contracting parties & all public witnesses.
           These Babylonian Religious Codes recognized the ability to buy & sell contracts between merchants in "Commerce". They sold & "bought ... slaves & the souls of men" in the time of Christ, & before & after, just precisely as is recognized in Revelation 18: 11-13.  Under this system of Babylonian Codes, contracted-debtor-people were Forcibly Compelled to perform the contract regardless of Conscionability, or who was the original contract-creditor. This Babylonian Religious Commercial Code embodied a sub-codification which is modernly recognizable as "Master-Servant Relationships". 
Under this Babylonian Religious Code, "Slavery" is clearly facilitated.  People were not recognized as People thereunder, but were items in Commerce.  The Slave could be arrested for not showing up for work on time.  The textbook says that "The slave is not regarded or spoken of as a man, but as a thing, and is reckoned in the same way as cattle". ... "Of ... these Rome was ... possessed from the earliest period ... " 

           History seems to tell that many Israelites had been captured into Slavery in Babylon, but by the time of Christ Jesus, many had returned. The Babylonian Commercial Merchant Codes seemed to infect Israelite society at the same time, & to thereby undermine greatly the Godly Principles of the Mosaic Law. The Pharisees embraced this system of Slave-based Babylonian Law, because it served their Evil Purposes.  Christ Jesus & his followers were crucified for speaking out boldly against these Evils of the Pharisees & their Roman cohorts.  The Romans, as revealed above, also followed those same Babylonian Codes which approved of Human Slavery.   
As the name signifies, the "Babylonian Talmud" contains much of the Commercial Slave-Trading Mercantile Codifications of "Master-Servant Relationships" which originated in Babylon.
           The "Babylonian Talmud" refers to those who are Not of their Pharisaical Faith as "Goim" or "Gois", which translates to be "Human Cattle".  This is just as the textbooks refer to the Babylonians considering their Slaves. Though direct citations are thin in eluding to Slavery itself, the "Babylonian Talmud" does set forth some such evidence showing clearly that non-Pharisees are to be treated with all of the "Contempt" of Slaves. 
Citations from the “Babylonian Talmud” read: "All things pertaining to the Goim are like desert, the first person to come along & take them can claim them for his own." Babha Bathra 45.  It is permitted to deceive a goi." Babha Kama 113b. And though citations are not clear that this is directly from the Talmud, Pharisaical Literature at A. Rohl. Die Polem. P.20 states "The Life of a Goi & all his physical powers belong to a Jew." 
And articles published by Henry Ford's newspaper, the Dearborn Independent in 1920 - 1922 discuss the "Kol Nidre" as a Pharisaical: "prayer, named from its opening words,  "All vows"," (kol nidre).  It is based on the declaration of the Talmud: "He who wishes that his vows & oaths shall have no value, stand up at the beginning of the year & say: 'All vows which I shall make during the year shall be of no value.' " "
           The list goes on & on. Coke & others have defined these People as "Infidels", precisely because History has clearly shown that the Sworn "Oath" of those ones Means Nothing to them. They cannot be "Bound" by "Conscience", & they habitually "Lie" at every turn which may serve their own self-serving interests or those of their "Synagogue of Satan", as referred to by Christ Jesus at Revelation 2:9 & 3:9.  This is the nature of their "Law", among these would -be “Slave- Masters”. They can-not be expected to be bound to tell the Truth. They feel that they are En-Titled by the Authority of their Evil God to Lie to all others so-as-to Control them & to reduce them to their unsuspecting Slaves.
           Such "Infidels" were Expelled from almost every country in Europe between the 13th & 15th centuries for this precise Reason of their tenacious adherence to this Dis-Honest Babylonian Master-Slave system of Human Conduct Codes, & their relentless Lying & Deception there-under.
           The Sadducees apparently gave the Pharisees opposition against this corrupting influence, but their days were numbered, for after the destruction of the Temple by Rome in 70 AD, the religious belief system of the Sadducees had met genocide & extinction.  The Pharisees (on the other hand) were conspicuously left in the position of authority over all Jews who did not profess Christianity.
Reputable sources show that the ancient Religion of the Pharisees has been in continuous & total control of what is fashionably recognized as the "Jewish Religion", ever since the destruction of Solomon's Temple. Again quoted, but more focused & brief than above, it reads:
	"With the destruction of there Temple ... Henceforth, Jewish life was regulated by the teachings of the Pharisees ... Pharisaism shaped the character of Judaism & the life & thought of the Jew for all the future." The Jewish Encyclopedia: 1905, Page 665.

           With the extinction of the Sadducees, the only Jewish entity which thereafter stood in opposition to the Pharisees & their Babylonian Codified Talmud were the Christians.  The powers in Rome itself were Compromised by this influence.  As revealed elsewhere, this Religion of the Pharisees continues to this day under their self-proclaimed banner of "Judaism" or "Jews".  They are not true "Jews" but rather they are of the "Synagogue of Satan", precisely as Revelation 2:9 & 3:9 state.  They merely proclaim such out of strategy to effect their purpose. Approximately 85% of them are not even of the "Semitic" bloodline, but rather are of Ashkanazi background/race.  They adopted the Pharisaical-Babylonian Talmudian Religion in about the year 350 or so, out of convenience. They know this but they scream "Anti-Semite" with spine chilling fervor whenever it suits their evil agenda.  Modern descendants of these same Pharisees look to the same "Babylonian Talmud" code of Master/Slave Laws as the Principle Source for written guidance as a Code of Conduct for their lives.
           Textbooks show plainly that Rome is the source of English & American “Civil Law”. “Civil Law” is recognized in Black's Law Dictionary as synonymous with "Municipal Law". 
Black’s Law Dictionary gives the following definition: 
Civil Law: That body of law which every particular nation, commonwealth, or city has established peculiarly for itself; more properly called “municipal” law, to distinguish it from the “law of nature”, & from international law. Laws concerned with civil or private rights & remedies, as contrasted with criminal laws. 

Rome is well recognizable as an Aggressively Warring & Conquering nation.  A reputable Textbook of History entitled “Apollo, History of Rome” by Cyril E. Robinson, in 1956
on pages 26 & 27 reads: 
“Many factors contributed to (Rome’s) success; but more important than her military powers, were the political methods where by she contrived to ... conquer. ... In 381, after overcoming the ... town of Tusculm, she ... admitted it to terms ... (under which it was) compelled to pay the war-tax, & ... a town thus treated was known as a muni-cipum or “burden-holder”.

Many of the peoples conquered by Rome were reduced to Salves. No reputable person contests this assertion. Webster’s New International Dictionary (1950, 2nd Edition) links the above term “Municipum” to our modern term “Municipal”; as follows: 
Municipal: ... munia official duties + root capere to take. ... Rom. Hist. Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, a municipum. 

That dictionary goes on to make the following most note-worthy statement: 
Municipal District: A subdivision of a region inhabited chiefly by non-Christians. 

          The Roman merchants engaged in much Slave Trade. They established Slave-markets. Contracts exchanged hands among merchants for the delivery of Slaves. The Codes which governed these contracts for Slaves was based on the same Codes which the Babylonians had developed.  "Of ... these Rome was ... possessed from the earliest period ... ". ("Historical Jurisprudence" - Lee).  Such Babylonian Master/Salve so-called "Law" is modernly still recognizable under either term of "Civil" or "Municipal" Law.  The majority of reputable Biblical Scholars recognize Rome to be the 6th head of the 7 headed "Beast" described in Revelation upon which the "Great Prostitute" sat & which was in existence at that time of Christ, the Civil/Military government of Rome. The 7th head is similarly recognized as then prophesying of our modern Anglo-American Civil/Military government.

The Significant Influence of the Norman Conquest:
           The Norman Conquest over the Anglo-Saxon/Celtic people of England, in 1066-ad; is vastly under-rated in its significance for clearly comprehending how to modernly engineer any form of government which truly respects the natural rights of the common people. Reputable sources indicate, that, from Rome, this newly instituted form of government in England had the "Solemn Blessings of the Pope". The Pharisaical system of "Babylonian Talmudian" based "Commercial-Law" was at that time Forcibly Imposed over the true Christian-Common-Law English/Celtic People. An article in "The Georgetown Law Journal" V. 71, P 1179 - 1200) by: Judith A. Shapiro entitled "The Shetar's Effect on English Law" sheds much light.
           "The Jews, whom the Normans brought to England ...brought a refined system of commercial law: their own form of commerce & a system of rules to facilitate and govern it. ... Several elements of historical Jewish legal practice have been integrated into the English legal system. Notable among these is the written credit agreement - shetar, or starr, as it appears in English documents. The basis of the shetar, or "Jewish Gage," was a lien on all property (including realty) that has been traced as a source of the modern mortgage. Under Jewish law, the shetar permitted a creditor to proceed against all the goods and land of the defaulting debtor. ... Jewish law that debts could be recovered against a loan secured by "all property, movable and immovable" was a weapon of socio-economic change that tore the fabric of feudal society and established the power of liquid wealth in place of land holding. ... Jewish Law, wherein personal debt superseded rights in real property had become the law of the land." "Foootnote 11: H.C. Richardson, The English Jewry Under Angevin Kings 94 (1960) (Jews liquidation of land obligations broke down rigidity of feudal land tenure and facilitated transfer of land to new capitalist class.). Footnote 15: CF. 1 F. Pollock & F.W. Maitland, supra note 3 at 469... (alien to English law for creditor not in possession of land to have rights in it)."

           The Pharisees worked with the Normans under the "Blessing of the Pope" & his Roman Civil/Municipal Codes, all so as to establish this "weapon of socio-economic change that tore the fabric" of the society of the Anglo-Saxon/Celtic peoples. These are the words of Ms Shapirro, as they appear in the Georgetown Law Journal. The aggressively warring nature of that Babylonian-Talmudian based Code of Pharisaical Conduct is not in question among that circle of scholars. It is a body of Slave/Master Codes. It "tears at the fabric" of that society which it targets.
           The "Shetar" is a corruption of the word "Star" & refers to the famous "Star Chamber Courts". 
	"The name star chamber ... has been thought to be ... because the roof was originally studded with stars, because the Jewish covenants (called starrs or stars ... ) were originally kept there." Boviers Law Dictionary; 1860.

	"Starr or starra. The old term for contract or obligation among the Jews, being a corruption from the Hebrew word "shetar", a covenant, ... & Blackstone conjectures that the room in which the chests were kept was thence called the "Star-Chamber"." 
	"Star Chamber: A court which originally had jurisdiction in cases where the ordinary course of justice was so much obstructed by one party, ... that no inferior court would find its process obeyed. ... In the reign of Henry the 8th, & his successors, the jurisdiction of the court was illegally extended to such a degree (especially in punishing the kings arbitrary proclamations) that it became odious to the nation, & was abolished." 										Blacks Law Dictionary, 5th Edition.

           These courts of Pharisaical, Commercial, Master/Slave Codes were abolished, because they inflicted "Cruel & Unusual Punishments", & because they were run in “Secret”. They were the predecessor to our modern so-called “Courts of Equity”.  It was all run by “Chancery Priests”; & the only thing being "Equal" about them was that all Conquered "Slaves" there-under were treated more or less “Equally”. "Courts of Chancery" is a more honest name, because any person going before such a court was taking a very dangerous "Chance".
	"Civil Law" is from Rome. There was no "Equity Jurisprudence" in England prior to the Norman Conquest of 1066-ad. The Norman Conquest had the "solemn approval of the Pope" of Rome according to the Encyclopedia Britannica; & other sources conform that these evils had the Roman Popes support & blessing.
           "The whole of equity jurisprudence prevailing in England & the United States is mainly based on the civil law". Boviers Law Dictionary of 1868. 

           The conclusion to Reasonable Men is that the Norman's "War of Aggression" was jointly backed by the Christ Killing Pharisees & the Pope of Rome, so as to Forcibly Impose the Roman Civil/Municipal Codes of Babylonian-Talmudian based Master/Slave relations. These were mere Tools for Slave Control which were early imposed by Evil Men with great influence within the Pharisaical & Catholic religious communities. Any Truly Godly Spirituality which may have existed within either of those religious organizations was most assuredly bound & gaged by the more powerful forces of Evil there-in at the times of the Norman Conquest. As at the Crusades. As at the Inquisition. These entities have very bad track-records.
           Evil men Aggressively made Religious War against the Christian/Common-Law - Anglo-Saxon/Celtic Peoples of England in 1066. The "Babylonian-Talmud" was completed well before the Norman Conquest of 1066. It's all the same basic Master/Slave Commerce form of Code of Human Conduct. It all treats living breathing People as "Merchandise" in Commerce to be bought & sold as those "Slaves & the Souls of Men" as referred to in Revelation 18:13. This entire body of Codified Human Conduct is all so amorally lacking in fidelity to the Supreme Laws of "Love of Neighbor" from YHVH as taught by His Son Yeshuah as to be clearly a policy of the "Synagogue of Satan" as referred to at Revelation 2:9 & 3:9. It is easy to summarize that this is that precise same Code of Human Conduct of which the Pharisee "Money-Changers" were using to corrupt the Temple in Jerusalem, & of which Christ Jesus overturned their tables & drove them out of His Father's House with the whip. It is easy to summarize that this is the Code of Conduct upon which the Pharisees moved to whipped up the mob into such a fervent state of Anarchy as to abort "Due Process of Law" & to have Yeshua the Christ Lawlessly nailed to the Cross (or stake).
           This Code of Conduct embodied within the "Babylonian Talmud" is very large, but it contains specific portions which are designed to "Tear at the Fabric" of the society which is its target. These are the words of Ms Shapirro, as set forth in the Georgetown Law Journal. This is not the wording of "Anti-Semitic Right Wing Extremists". Ms Shapiro's term "Tear" is specifically used to denote that process which obliterated the "Fabric of ... Society", as it had existed prior to that War of Aggression. It would seem Reasonable to conclude that this is a Code of Human Conduct based on "Terrorism". Certainly the word "Tear" seems related to "Terrorism". Certainly the Anglo-Saxon/Celtic Christian People were greatly Fear Inspired by the forcible imposition of this "Babylonian Talmud" based Code of Human Conduct. The wording of Ms Shapirro Reasonably seems to be an acknowledgment that "Terrorism" was used by the Normans & the Pharisees "who call themselves Jews" as a matter of policy under that Code of Human Conduct known as the "Babylonian Talmud".
           This entire body of Roman Civil Law is based upon "Contracts", & it was early incorporated into what was known as English "Law Merchant", which many fine scholars have confused as being a true part of the English "Common-Law". Such happened only after corrupting influence of the Norman Conquest. 
           If true Common-Law is strictly adhered to, then Contracts are only truly enforceable in Courts of so-called "Equity". It was only after the “Norman Conquest of 1066-ad, that the adulterated Romanist version of Common-Law came to be practiced in England. "Equity" jurisdiction was allowed to enter into American Jurisprudence by way of Article 3 Section 2-1 of the U.S. Constitution.  Such was a slap in the face of Christ Jesus, & much Evil has worked its purpose in this land by way of that compromise of Godly Principles.  
           However, Equity is purged from all of its authority to adjudicate anything if proper "Due Process of Law" is invoked, as such process is set forth in Beacon Theaters v Westover. This modern essence of "Law" allows Americans to free themselves by "Due Process of Law" from the Babylonian Master/Slave jurisdiction of so-called "Equity".  

Charles Bruce, Stewart. 
Sandy Oregon.
Editings: May-1999; with minor up-dates, December: 2015;  
Years of Our Lord, who redeemed us from Slavery.